Microgrid : architectures and control / edited by Professor Nikos Hatziargyriou.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.

Microgrid: Architectures and Control; Contents; Foreword; Preface; List of Contributors; 1 The Microgrids Concept; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Microgrid Concept as a Means to Integrate Distributed Generation; 1.3 Clarification of the Microgrid Concept; 1.3.1 What is a Microgrid?; 1.3.2 What is Not a Microgrid?; 1.3.3 Microgrids versus Virtual Power Plants; 1.4 Operation and Control of Microgrids; 1.4.1 Overview of Controllable Elements in a Microgrid; 1.4.2 Operation Strategies of Microgrids; 1.5 Market Models for Microgrids; 1.5.1 Introduction.

1.5.2 Internal Markets and Business Models for Microgrids1.5.3 External Market and Regulatory Settings for Microgrids; 1.6 Status Quo and Outlook of Microgrid Applications; References; 2 Microgrids Control Issues; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Control Functions; 2.3 The Role of Information and Communication Technology; 2.4 Microgrid Control Architecture; 2.4.1 Hierarchical Control Levels; 2.4.2 Microgrid Operators; 2.5 Centralized and Decentralized Control; 2.6 Forecasting; 2.6.1 Introduction; 2.6.2 Demand Forecasting; 2.6.3 Wind and PV Production Forecasting; 2.6.4 Heat Demand Forecasting.

2.6.5 Electricity Prices Forecasting; 2.6.6 Evaluation of Uncertainties on Predictions; 2.7 Centralized Control; 2.7.1 Economic Operation; 2.7.2 Participation in Energy Markets; 2.7.3 Mathematical Formulation; 2.7.4 Solution Methodology; 2.7.5 Study Case; 2.7.6 Results; 2.8 Decentralized Control; 2.8.1 Multi-Agent System Theory; 2.8.2 Agent Communication and Development; 2.8.3 Agent Communication Language; 2.8.4 Agent Ontology and Data Modeling; 2.8.5 Coordination Algorithms for Microgrid Control; 2.8.6 Game Theory and Market Based Algorithms; 2.8.7 Scalability and Advanced Architecture.

2.9 State Estimation; 2.9.1 Introduction; 2.9.2 Microgrid State Estimation; 2.9.3 Fuzzy State Estimation; 2.10 Conclusions; Appendix 2.A: Study Case Microgrid; References; 3 Intelligent Local Controllers; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Inverter Control Issues in the Formation of Microgrids; 3.2.1 Active Power Control; 3.2.2 Voltage Regulation; 3.3 Control Strategies for Multiple Inverters; 3.3.1 Master Slave Control Scheme; 3.3.2 Multi-Master Control Scheme; 3.3.3 Droop Control Implementation in the VSI; 3.3.4 Ancillary Services; 3.3.5 Optional Secondary Control Loops.

3.4 Implications of Line Parameters on Frequency and Voltage Droop Concepts; 3.4.1 Power Transmission in the LV Grid; 3.4.2 Comparison of Droop Concepts at the LV Level; 3.4.3 Indirect Operation of Droops; 3.5 Development and Evaluation of Innovative Local Controls to Improve Stability; 3.5.1 Control Algorithm; 3.5.2 Stability in Islanded Mode; 3.5.3 Stability in Interconnected Operation; 3.6 Conclusions; References; 4 Microgrid Protection; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Challenges for Microgrid Protection; 4.2.1 Distribution System Protection; 4.2.2 Over-Current Distribution Feeder Protection.

Microgrids are the most innovative area in the electric power industry today. Future microgrids could exist as energy-balanced cells within existing power distribution grids or stand-alone power networks within small communities. A definitive presentation on all aspects of microgrids, this text examines the operation of microgrids - their control concepts and advanced architectures including multi-microgrids. It takes a logical approach to overview the purpose and the technical aspects of microgrids, discussing the social, economic and environmental benefits to power system operation.